Climate Matching Map
| Attachment | Size |
|---|---|
| ClimateMatch_Oregon_Lychnis_coronaria.pdf (1.14 MB) | 1.14 MB |
1. Question 1
Yes
1
Very High
Lychnis coronaria is native to the Mediterranean, Middle East, and Central Asia (Jiang et al., 2016). It has become naturalized in the Czech Republic (Vojík et al., 2022) and Portugal (de Almeida & Frietas, 2006). According to A Global Compendium of Weeds, it has also become naturalized in US, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Japan, Chile, Australia, Norway, Sweden, Austria, and Estonia.
Jiang, Li, Bruce L. Dunn, Yun-wen Wang, and Carla L. Goad. 2016. “Responses to Propagation Substrate and Rooting Hormone Products to Facilitate Asexual Propagation of Silene Chalcedonica and Silene Coronaria”. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 34: 80-83. doi:10.24266/0738-2898-34.3.80.
Vojík, Martin, Martina Kadlecová, Josef Kutlvašr, Jan Pergl, and Kateřina Berchová Bímová. 2022. “Two Shades of Grey: Effect of Temperature on Seed Germination of the Escaping Ornamental Species Lychnis Coronaria and Stachys Byzantina”. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1211843/v1.
Almeida, João D., and Helena Freitas. 2006. “Exotic Naturalized Flora of Continental Portugal - A Reassessment”. Botanica Complutensis.
Randall, R. P. 2017. “A Global Compendium of Weeds. Third Edition”. Dept. of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313645439_A_Global_Compendium_of_Weeds_Third_Edition.
2. Question 2
Yes
2
High
According to the PRE Climate Match tool, GBIF, and Randall (2017), Lychnis coronaria is naturalized throughout the US, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand in areas with similar climate to Oregon (temperate mountain and temperate desert, from zone 4 to 11).
No references cited.
3. Question 3
No
0
Low
Moravcová et al., (2010) previously classified Lychnis coronaria as non-invasive; however, due to it's high germination rate, rapid growth, and observed localized spreading, Vojík et al. (2022) claim Lychnis coronaria has high invasive potential in the Czech Republic. Another article by Vojík et al. (2020) refers to the invasive behavior of Lychnis coronaria, and the authors indicate that this may lead to an update in the Catalogue of Alien Plants of the Czech Republic. There is a lack to evidence which indicates Lychnis coronaria is invasive anywhere else in the world, which is why the confidence level is low.
Vojík, Martin, Martina Kadlecová, Josef Kutlvašr, Jan Pergl, and Kateřina Berchová Bímová. 2022. “Two Shades of Grey: Effect of Temperature on Seed Germination of the Escaping Ornamental Species Lychnis Coronaria and Stachys Byzantina”. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1211843/v1.
Vojík, Martin, Jiří Sádlo, Petr Petřík, Petr Pyšek, Matěj Man, and Jan Pergl. 2020. “Two Faces of Parks: Sources of Invasion and Habitat for Threatened Native Plants”. Preslia 92: 353-73. doi:10.23855/preslia.2020.353.
Moravcová, Lenka, Petr Pyšek, Vojtěch Jarošík, Vendula Havlíčková, Petr Zákravský, and . 2010. “Reproductive Characteristics of Neophytes in the Czech Republic: Traits of Invasive and Non-Invasive Species”. Preslia 82: 365-90.
4. Question 4
No
0
Low
There are areas of the Czech Republic with similar climate to Oregon, where Lychnis coronaria is noted for its high potential as being invasive. There is a lack of evidence that indicates Lychnis coronaria is invasive anywhere else in the world, which is why the confidence level is low.
Vojík, Martin, Jiří Sádlo, Petr Petřík, Petr Pyšek, Matěj Man, and Jan Pergl. 2020. “Two Faces of Parks: Sources of Invasion and Habitat for Threatened Native Plants”. Preslia 92: 353-73. doi:10.23855/preslia.2020.353.
Vojík, Martin, Martina Kadlecová, Josef Kutlvašr, Jan Pergl, and Kateřina Berchová Bímová. 2022. “Two Shades of Grey: Effect of Temperature on Seed Germination of the Escaping Ornamental Species Lychnis Coronaria and Stachys Byzantina”. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1211843/v1.
5. Question 5
Yes
1
Medium
There are other species under the Lychnis genus, but I could not find any references to any of the species being invasive in areas with a similar climate to Oregon. Silene gallica is native to western Asia, North Africa, and Europe, and known to be invasive in Australia and New Zealand where there is similar climate to Oregon in certain areas.
Randall, R. P. 2017. “A Global Compendium of Weeds. Third Edition”. Dept. of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313645439_A_Global_Compendium_of_Weeds_Third_Edition.
Popay, Ian. 2013. “Silene Gallica (common Catchfly)”. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.117143.
6. Question 6
No
0
High
According to the PRE Climate Matching tool, Lychnis coronaria is found predominately in regions outside the climate zones that are similar to Oregon.
No references cited.
7. Question 7
Yes
1
Medium
Kutluasr et al. (2018) found that Lychnis coronaria dominated perennial flower beds where it had been planted and even spread into neighboring flower beds in other distant areas. To date, there is no evidence of Lychnis coronaria dominating other vegetation in natural areas.
Kutlvašr, Josef, Jan Pergl, Adam Baro\v s, and Petr Pyšek. 2019. “Survival, Dynamics of Spread and Invasive Potential of Species in Perennial Plantations”. Biological Invasions 21: 561-73. doi:10.1007/s10530-018-1847-4.
8. Question 8
No
0
Medium
Silene coronaria is a perennial flower found in temperate regions; therefore, the likelihood that it promotes fire or changes fire regimes is low. I could not find any scientific evidence that Lychnis coronaria promotes fire or changes fire regimes.
Jiang, Li, Bruce L. Dunn, Yun-wen Wang, and Carla L. Goad. 2016. “Responses to Propagation Substrate and Rooting Hormone Products to Facilitate Asexual Propagation of Silene Chalcedonica and Silene Coronaria”. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 34: 80-83. doi:10.24266/0738-2898-34.3.80.
9. Question 9
No
0
High
I could not find any evidence that Lychnis coronaria is toxic to humans or animals. In fact, it has been used in medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties, therapeutic benefit for bronchial asthma, and antimicrobial properties (Verma et al., 2021; Güvensen et al., 2916).
No references cited.
10. Question 10
No
0
Low
I could not find any evidence of this.
No references cited.
11. Question 11
No
0
Low
I could not find evidence that Lychnis coronaria reproduces and spreads vegetatively on it's own. Seed production is the primary means of reproduction (Maravcova et al. 2010; Vojík et al., 2022). Asexual propagation via stem or leaf cuttings is used in horticulture practices (Jiang, 2011; Jiang et al., 2016).
Moravcová, Lenka, Petr Pyšek, Vojtěch Jarošík, Vendula Havlíčková, Petr Zákravský, and . 2010. “Reproductive Characteristics of Neophytes in the Czech Republic: Traits of Invasive and Non-Invasive Species”. Preslia 82: 365-90.
Vojík, Martin, Martina Kadlecová, Josef Kutlvašr, Jan Pergl, and Kateřina Berchová Bímová. 2022. “Two Shades of Grey: Effect of Temperature on Seed Germination of the Escaping Ornamental Species Lychnis Coronaria and Stachys Byzantina”. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1211843/v1.
Jiang, Li. 2011. “Hybridization, Genetic Manipulation, and Asexual Propagation of Lychnis Species”. https://shareok.org/handle/11244/9586.
Jiang, Li, Bruce L. Dunn, Yun-wen Wang, and Carla L. Goad. 2016. “Responses to Propagation Substrate and Rooting Hormone Products to Facilitate Asexual Propagation of Silene Chalcedonica and Silene Coronaria”. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 34: 80-83. doi:10.24266/0738-2898-34.3.80.
12. Question 12
No
0
Medium
I could not find any evidence that naturally detached fragments from the plant are capable of producing new plants. Seed production is the primary means of reproduction (Maravcova et al. 2010; Vojík et al., 2022).
Moravcová, Lenka, Petr Pyšek, Vojtěch Jarošík, Vendula Havlíčková, Petr Zákravský, and . 2010. “Reproductive Characteristics of Neophytes in the Czech Republic: Traits of Invasive and Non-Invasive Species”. Preslia 82: 365-90.
Vojík, Martin, Martina Kadlecová, Josef Kutlvašr, Jan Pergl, and Kateřina Berchová Bímová. 2022. “Two Shades of Grey: Effect of Temperature on Seed Germination of the Escaping Ornamental Species Lychnis Coronaria and Stachys Byzantina”. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1211843/v1.
13. Question 13
Yes
1
Medium
Yes, based on germination studies, Lychnis coronaria commonly produces viable seeds. In a seed germination experiment, Vojík et al. (2022) found that nearly 99% of Lychnis coronaria seeds germinated and rapid germination occurred within the first 6 days. In addition, Moravcová et al. (2010) found that 100% of Lychnis coronaria seeds germinated from naturalized populations in the Czech Republic. However, in a seed dispersal field study in Archterberg, Netherlands, the seeds of Lychnis coronaria did not successfully germinate (Heijting et al., 2009).
Moravcová, Lenka, Petr Pyšek, Vojtěch Jarošík, Vendula Havlíčková, Petr Zákravský, and . 2010. “Reproductive Characteristics of Neophytes in the Czech Republic: Traits of Invasive and Non-Invasive Species”. Preslia 82: 365-90.
Vojík, Martin, Martina Kadlecová, Josef Kutlvašr, Jan Pergl, and Kateřina Berchová Bímová. 2022. “Two Shades of Grey: Effect of Temperature on Seed Germination of the Escaping Ornamental Species Lychnis Coronaria and Stachys Byzantina”. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1211843/v1.
Heijting, S, W Van Der Werf, and M J Kropff. 2009. “Seed Dispersal by Forage Harvester and Rigid-Tine Cultivator in Maize”. Weed Research 49: 153-63. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00681.x.
14. Question 14
Yes
1
High
Vojík et al. (2022) found that a two year old plant growing in an experimental garden bed produced an average of 19,000 seeds.
Vojík, Martin, Martina Kadlecová, Josef Kutlvašr, Jan Pergl, and Kateřina Berchová Bímová. 2022. “Two Shades of Grey: Effect of Temperature on Seed Germination of the Escaping Ornamental Species Lychnis Coronaria and Stachys Byzantina”. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1211843/v1.
15. Question 15
Yes
1
Medium
Vojík et al. (2022) found that nearly 99% of Lychnis coronaria seeds germinated and rapid germination occurred within the first 6 days. In addition, Moravcová et al. (2010) found that 100% of Lychnis coronaria seeds germinated from naturalized populations in the Czech Republic. However, in a seed dispersal field study in Archterberg, Netherlands, the seeds of Lychnis coronaria did not successfully germinate (Heijting et al., 2009).
Vojík, Martin, Martina Kadlecová, Josef Kutlvašr, Jan Pergl, and Kateřina Berchová Bímová. 2022. “Two Shades of Grey: Effect of Temperature on Seed Germination of the Escaping Ornamental Species Lychnis Coronaria and Stachys Byzantina”. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1211843/v1.
Heijting, S, W Van Der Werf, and M J Kropff. 2009. “Seed Dispersal by Forage Harvester and Rigid-Tine Cultivator in Maize”. Weed Research 49: 153-63. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00681.x.
Moravcová, Lenka, Petr Pyšek, Vojtěch Jarošík, Vendula Havlíčková, Petr Zákravský, and . 2010. “Reproductive Characteristics of Neophytes in the Czech Republic: Traits of Invasive and Non-Invasive Species”. Preslia 82: 365-90.
16. Question 16
Yes
1
High
Vojík et al. (2022) found that a two year old plant growing in an experimental garden bed produced viable seeds.
Vojík, Martin, Martina Kadlecová, Josef Kutlvašr, Jan Pergl, and Kateřina Berchová Bímová. 2022. “Two Shades of Grey: Effect of Temperature on Seed Germination of the Escaping Ornamental Species Lychnis Coronaria and Stachys Byzantina”. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1211843/v1.
17. Question 17
Very Low
No references cited.
18. Question 18
Yes
1
Medium
Yes, the propagules can attach to animal fur and potentially be dispersed long distances (Moravcová et al., 2010). It is possible for seeds to be dispersed by waterfowl, but the field research to support this is lacking (Lovas-Kiss et al., 2020; Costea et al., 2019). In a controlled feeding trial, Costea et al. (2019) found Lychnis coronaria seed germination increased after gut passage in mallards, with 83% of seeds germinated.
Lovas-Kiss, Ad\ am, Orsolya Vincze, Erik Kleyheeg, G\ abor Sramk\ o, Levente Laczk\ o, R\ eka Fekete, Attila Moln\ ar V., and Andy J. Green. 2020. “Seed Mass, Hardness, and Phylogeny Explain the Potential for Endozoochory by Granivorous Waterbirds”. Ecology and Evolution 10: 1413-24. doi:10.1002/ece3.5997.
Costea, Mihai, Hiba El Miari, Levente Laczk\ o, R\ eka Fekete, Attila V. Moln\ ar, Ad\ am Lovas-Kiss, and Andy J. Green. 2019. “The Effect of Gut Passage by Waterbirds on the Seed Coat and Pericarp of Diaspores Lacking \textquotedblleftexternal Flesh\textquotedblright: Evidence for Widespread Adaptation to Endozoochory in Angiosperms”. PLOS ONE 14: e0226551. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226551.
Moravcová, Lenka, Petr Pyšek, Vojtěch Jarošík, Vendula Havlíčková, Petr Zákravský, and . 2010. “Reproductive Characteristics of Neophytes in the Czech Republic: Traits of Invasive and Non-Invasive Species”. Preslia 82: 365-90.
19. Question 19
No
0
Medium
It is possible for the seeds to be dispersed by water (Moravcová et al., 2010), but there is a lack of evidence that Lychnis coronaria propagules are frequently dispersed long distances by wind or water.
Moravcová, Lenka, Petr Pyšek, Vojtěch Jarošík, Vendula Havlíčková, Petr Zákravský, and . 2010. “Reproductive Characteristics of Neophytes in the Czech Republic: Traits of Invasive and Non-Invasive Species”. Preslia 82: 365-90.
20. Question 20
No
0
Low
I could not find any evidence that the plant's propagules are frequently spread via contaminated seed, equipment, vehicles, boats, or clothing shoes. In a seed dispersal study in maize fields in the Netherlands, Lychnis coronaria seeds were introduced, but failed to successfully germinate (Heijting et al., 2007).
Heijting, S, W Van Der Werf, and M J Kropff. 2009. “Seed Dispersal by Forage Harvester and Rigid-Tine Cultivator in Maize”. Weed Research 49: 153-63. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00681.x.
Total PRE Score
10
19
60
