Climate Matching Map
| Attachment | Size |
|---|---|
| ClimateMatch_NV_Lonicera_japonica.pdf (1.22 MB) | 1.22 MB |
1. Question 1
Yes
1
Very High
Native to Central Asia and Southern Russia. Reported to be introduced to North America for ornamental and horticultural purposes in 1806 to Long Island, New York. Lonicera japonica has escaped cultivation in multiple locations including North America, New Zealand. Considered a major pest in the U.S. due to the species ability to escape cultivation and invade disturbed and natural areas. The species is reported to be widely naturalized in the eastern and central U.S.
Starr, Forest, Kim Starr, and Lloyd Loope. 2003. “Lonicera”. Maui: United States Geological Survey—Biological Resources Division. http://hear.its.hawaii.edu/Pier/pdf/pohreports/lonicera_japonica.pdf.
Rojas-Sandoval, Julissa, and Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez. 2014. “Lonicera Japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle) - Cabi”. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.31191.
Williams, Charles E. 2022. “Invasive Alien Plant Species of Virginia, Japanese Honeysuckle”. Annadale: Virginia Native Plant Society. https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/fsloja.pdf.
2. Question 2
Yes
2
Medium
This species is noted as being naturalized in Ireland, the Channel Islands and Azores but these areas do not match Nevada's desert climate. The species is most problematic in the South Eastern U.S. EDDMapS does report the species present in Nevada but these occurrences are most likely where the species has been introduced for ornamental or horticultural purpose. EDDMapS reports from the National Park Service Exotic Plant Management Team points showing the species has naturalized at a recreation site/wildlife habitat in southern Nevada. The barrier preventing these plants from spreading to Nevada would be the Colorado river.
“Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera Japonica) - EDDMapS State Distribution - EDDMapS”. 2022. https://www.eddmaps.org/distribution/viewmap.cfm?sub=3039.
Rojas-Sandoval, Julissa, and Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez. 2014. “Lonicera Japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle) - Cabi”. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.31191.
“Lonicera Japonica Thunb”. n.d. https://www.gbif.org/species/5334240.
3. Question 3
Yes
High
The species has been noted as invasive in North America, Europe, Oceania and South America.
Rojas-Sandoval, Julissa, and Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez. 2014. “Lonicera Japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle) - Cabi”. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.31191.
4. Question 4
Yes
3
Low
The species is most problematic in the South Eastern U.S. It has been noted as invasive in Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico and Mexico (CABI). The species is not expected to do well in the below freezing temperatures in northern Nevada but has potential to be invasive in southern Nevada's warm desert climate that matches areas where the species has become naturalized.
“Lonicera Japonica Thunb”. n.d. https://www.gbif.org/species/5334240.
Rojas-Sandoval, Julissa, and Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez. 2014. “Lonicera Japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle) - Cabi”. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.31191.
5. Question 5
No
0
Low
Lonicera morrowii is reported to be invasive in areas of the U.S. but is currently not reported in area's matching Nevada's overall climate. It is important to note that where L. Morrowii is planted there is a high probability that it will escape cultivation and spread.
2018. “Lonicera Morrowii (Morrow\textquoterights Honeysuckle)”. CABI Compendium CABI Compendium: 31193. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.31193.
6. Question 6
No
0
High
The climate of concern is considered cold and warm desert, which are not similar to where the species is typically found. There have been reports of this species in the warm desert climate but it is < 50% match.
“Lonicera Japonica Thunb”. n.d. https://www.gbif.org/species/5334240.
7. Question 7
Yes
1
High
The growth habit of the species is a vine but can form dense mats on the ground increasing the competition for light resources. The growth habit is described as rapid and smothering. Growth in invaded areas where the species is established can lead to a reduction in herbs and woody plants. This may lead to changes in forest structure.
“Japanese Honeysuckle \textbar Woody Invasive Species of the Great Lakes Basin”. n.d. https://woodyinvasives.org/woody-invasive-species/japanese-honeysuckle/.
“Species: Lonicera Japonica, Fire Effects Information System”. n.d. https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/vine/lonjap/all.html.
Starr, Forest, Kim Starr, and Lloyd Loope. 2003. “Lonicera”. Maui: United States Geological Survey—Biological Resources Division. http://hear.its.hawaii.edu/Pier/pdf/pohreports/lonicera_japonica.pdf.
8. Question 8
Yes
1
High
As a climbing vine this species may become ladder fuel in a forest environment. Established populations are likely to recover quickly from a fire disturbance but that is likely to depend on the severity of the fire. It is expected that the above ground portion of the plant will die off but established plants may quickly recover sprouting from intact root crowns. Specific post fire recovery information is lacking but it is possible that the species biomass may increase in certain postfire situations with the increased access to light resources.
“Species: Lonicera Japonica, Fire Effects Information System”. n.d. https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/vine/lonjap/all.html.
9. Question 9
Yes
1
Medium
It is toxic to humans if the fruits are ingested at large quantities. The symptoms include but are not limited to: vomiting, diarrhea, and respiratory failure (N.C. Cooperative Extension). The species is considered an important browse species for white-tailed deer when other resources are scarce or inaccessible. A wide range of songbirds in North America are known to feed on the fruits (Evans (1984)). Grazing by goats is not recommended as it can stimulate growth and lead to thicker infestations of Lonicera japonica (University of Maryland Extension (n.d.)).
“Lonicera Japonica”. n.d. N.C Cooperative Extension. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lonicera-japonica/.
“Species: Lonicera Japonica, Fire Effects Information System”. n.d. https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/vine/lonjap/all.html.
Evans, James E. 1984. “Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera Japonica): A Literature Review of Management Practices” 2023. Minneapolis, MN: Natural Areas Journal. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43910776.
Extension, College of Agriculture University of Maryland, and Natural Resources. n.d. “Invasives in Your Woodland: Japanese Honeysuckle”. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/invasives-your-woodland-japanese-honeysuckle.
10. Question 10
Yes
1
Medium
Vines may limit access in forested areas making movement through those forests more difficult. The vines can form dense thickets that can grow up to 30 feet, trying to absorb as much available light as possible (NH Department of Agriculture).
Center, Forest Invasive Plants Resource. n.d. “Japanese Honeysuckle”. Forest Invasive Plants Resource Center. http://www.nifatrees.org/Resources/Documents/Invasives/japanese-honeysuckle.pdf.
“Japanese Honeysuckle Lonicera Japonica Fact Sheet”. n.d. https://www.agriculture.nh.gov/publications-forms/documents/japanese-honeysuckle.pdf.
11. Question 11
Yes
1
High
This species is well know for its capacity to reproduce and spread vegetatively through it's underground rhizomatous root structure. The species is also reported to layer and produce root structures when the nodes of above ground stems come into contact with soil.
“Species: Lonicera Japonica, Fire Effects Information System”. n.d. https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/vine/lonjap/all.html.
Larson, Katherine C, Sherry P Fowler, and Jason C Walker. 2002. “Lack of Pollinators Limits Fruit Set in the Exotic Lonicera Japonica”. American Midland Naturalist, 54-60.
12. Question 12
No
0
Low
This species can be grown from cuttings (Starr) and grazing animals may distribute vegetative fragments along with flooding (CABI) but this is not a common method of reproduction. The species primary modes of reproduction are by seed production and it's rhizomatous root system.
Starr, Forest, Kim Starr, and Lloyd Loope. 2003. “Lonicera”. Maui: United States Geological Survey—Biological Resources Division. http://hear.its.hawaii.edu/Pier/pdf/pohreports/lonicera_japonica.pdf.
13. Question 13
Yes
1
Very High
The species does produce viable seed and is a usual means of reproduction for the species.
“Species: Lonicera Japonica, Fire Effects Information System”. n.d. https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/vine/lonjap/all.html.
14. Question 14
No
0
Very Low
There is no evidence that the species produces copious amounts of seed. There are multiple reports that mention that flowering and seed production is prolific but information on the actual amount of seed produced was missing. Flowering is reported to be most prolific in open habitats when species are young. The species needs to be pollinated by a genetically separate plant to produce viable seed. The flower is primarily pollinated by a hawk moth in it's native region. Research suggests that the species might be lacking specialized pollinators to produce viable seed consistently.
Larson, Katherine C, Sherry P Fowler, and Jason C Walker. 2002. “Lack of Pollinators Limits Fruit Set in the Exotic Lonicera Japonica”. American Midland Naturalist, 54-60.
15. Question 15
Yes
1
High
Germination generally occurs the following spring following seed dispersal for most seeds but no quantitative data was found on exact germination rates. Seeds are reported to require cold stratification for germination. Seeds are small and contain limited stored carbohydrates so seedling establishment will be dependent on open and/or recently disturbed areas where seedlings can begin photosynthesis immediately. Seeds may survive a second year but this is reported as a rare occurrence.
“Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera Japonica)”. n.d. https://bplant.org/plant/275.
Agriculture, NH Department of. n.d. “Japanese Honeysuckle, Fact Sheet”. Concord: NH Department of Agriculture, Markets \& Food, Division of Plant Industry. https://www.agriculture.nh.gov/publications-forms/documents/japanese-honeysuckle.pdf.
Leatherman, Anna D. 1955. “Ecological Life-History of Lonicera Japonica Thunb”.
16. Question 16
Yes
1
High
The species is reported to produce viable seed within 3 years of growth. Fruit production is reported to peak around 4-6 years of growth and then declines.
“Species: Lonicera Japonica, Fire Effects Information System”. n.d. https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/vine/lonjap/all.html.
17. Question 17
No
0
Very Low
The species has been reported to bloom in late April to July and as late as October but other reports have mentioned the blooming period to be a much shorter window, typically May to June. There is not a good source of information showing the species blooms longer than and 3 month period or that seed production occurs more than once in a growing season.
“Japanese Honeysuckle Control”. n.d. https://mdc.mo.gov/trees-plants/invasive-plants/japanese-honeysuckle-control.
“Species: Lonicera Japonica, Invasive.Org Least Wanted”. n.d.
18. Question 18
Yes
1
Very High
The berries of the species are eaten by birds and mammals. Birds are considered the primary dispersal agent for this species. It is expected that other wildlife such as mice and deer feed on the berries, travel various distances and disperse weed after defecating.
2018. “Lonicera Morrowii (Morrow\textquoterights Honeysuckle)”. CABI Compendium CABI Compendium: 31193. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.31193.
“Species: Lonicera Japonica, Fire Effects Information System”. n.d. https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/vine/lonjap/all.html.
19. Question 19
Yes
1
High
Grazing animals may distribute vegetative fragments along with flooding (CABI) but this is not a common method of reproduction. The species primary modes of reproduction are by seed production and it's rhizomatous root system.
Rojas-Sandoval, Julissa, and Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez. 2014. “Lonicera Japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle) - Cabi”. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.31191.
20. Question 20
No
0
Very Low
No evidence was found to suggest that this species would be dispersed via contaminated agriculture or wildflower seed packets, equipment, vehicles, boats or clothing and shoes.
No references cited.
Evaluation Notes
This species has been reported as naturalized and invasive in the U.S. primary in the south east of the country. There are no reports specifically listing the species as naturalized in Nevada but it is assumed to be possible in Nevada's southern warm desert region which matches areas where the species has become naturalized in Arizona.
Total PRE Score
16
20
65
