Africa:
Macaronesia: Portugal - Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
Northern Africa: Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia
Asia-Temperate:
Western Asia: Cyprus; Iran; Iraq; Lebanon; Turkey
Asia-Tropical:
Indian Subcontinent: India - Jammu and Kashmir
Europe:
Eastern Europe: Belarus; Moldova; Russian Federation-European part - European part; Ukraine
Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Switzerland
Northern Europe: Denmark; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; United Kingdom
Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece; Italy; Romania
Southwestern Europe: France; Portugal; Spain
Plants perennial, acaulescent, stoloniferous, 4–12 cm; stolons green, often rooting at nodes and forming leafy rosettes; rooted rosettes often develop into erect, rhizomatous caudex from which new stolons are produced; rhizome thick, fleshy. Leaves basal (and from stolons), 5–10, ascending to erect; stipules lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, margins fimbriate, projections gland-tipped, apex acute; petiole 2–17 cm, puberulent; blade unlobed, ovate to orbiculate, 1.5–7 × 1.5–5 cm, base cordate, margins crenate, ciliate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces puberulent. Peduncles 4–15 cm, puberulent. Flowers: sepals narrow to broadly lanceolate, margins ciliate, auricles 3–4 mm; petals deep to pale blue-violet, pale blue, or white on both surfaces, usually white basally, lateral 2 sparsely to densely bearded, lowest usually purple-veined, 12–22 mm, spur usually same color as petals, elongated, 5–7 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate or ascending peduncles. Capsules sometimes purple-flecked, ovoid, 5–8 mm, puberulent. Seeds brown, 3–4 mm. 2n = 20.